A recent record number of cases of polymer fume fever, also known as “Teflon flu,” is shedding light on one of the most common causes of the illness: the use of nonstick pans.
More than 265 suspected cases of polymer fume fever were reported in 2023, the highest number of cases since 2000, according to America’s Poison Centers, which represents the nation’s 55 poison control centers in partnership with the U.S. government.
Over the past two decades, more than 3,600 suspected cases of polymer clay fever have been reported, according to the Centers. Not all of those cases occurred at home: Many were occupational exposures, the Centers said. But experts say the new record sheds light on the proper way to use these pans for home cooking.
This disease is caused by overheating pots coated with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which releases fumes into the air. Inhalation of these fumes can cause flu-like symptoms.
Symptoms of polymer fume fever include chest tightness, cough, difficulty breathing and headache.
Symptoms tend to go away within two to three days, but the long-term effects of the disease remain unknown, according to Dr. Darien Sutton, an ABC News medical contributor and emergency room physician.
“We don’t know the long-term effects yet, but we do know that these chemicals, these PFAS, are associated with health problems like thyroid abnormalities, some cancers, like kidney cancer, as well as some infertility issues,” Sutton said Friday on “Good Morning America.” “So it’s important to be careful with these products.”
PFAS are manufactured chemicals that have been used in products like nonstick cookware, cosmetics and water-repellent clothing for decades, but have recently been linked to adverse health effects in some cases, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
In the United States, manufacturers are not required to identify PFAS on labels.
Additionally, stoves should be used in well-ventilated areas.
According to nonstick cookware manufacturers, it is important to properly maintain your nonstick pots and pans so that they do not get damaged.
Most importantly, nonstick pans such as those coated with Teflon should not be heated above 500 degrees, according to the manufacturer. This means avoiding preheating the pan on the stovetop over high heat without food inside and avoiding putting it in the oven at high temperatures.
Sutton said he recommends people check their nonstick cookware to see if it’s old or worn and toss it if it’s been used for more than three to five years.
Additionally, stoves should be used in well-ventilated areas.
If a person experiences symptoms of polymer fume fever, they are advised to move away from the source of the fumes, drink fluids and use over-the-counter pain relievers to manage fever and body aches, according to Poison Control.
People with lung disease and those whose symptoms persist may also need medical evaluation.
For emergency assistance, please call Poison Help at 1.800.222.1222 to speak with a poison expert, or visit PoisonHelp.org for help and resources.
Editor’s Note: This report has been updated to reflect that polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated pans are not specific to any one manufacturer.
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